I sometimes want to omit directories from my disk usage (du -sh *) checks. This includes virtual files systems such as proc / dev and also mounts to other filesystems (data in the example below).
This is what works for me:
du --exclude={proc,sys,dev,data} -sh *
The equals sign appears to be optional and worked both ways for me.
The exclude option can also be used with the more visual and browsable ncdu e.g.:
ncdu --exclude={proc,sys,dev,data}